Waterproofing Defined

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water proofing is the process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions such items may be used in wet environments or under water to specified depths water resistant and waterproof often refer to penetration of water in its liquid state and possibly under pressure whereas damp proof refers to resistance to humidity or dampness permeation of water vapor through a material or structure as reported as a moisture vapor transmission rate MVT are the hulls of boats and ships were once waterproofed by applying tar or pitch modern items may be waterproofed by applying water repellent coatings or by sealing seams with gaskets or o-rings waterproofing is used in reference to building structures such as basements decks or wet areas watercraft canvas clothing raincoats or waders electronic devices and paper packaging such as cartons for liquids topic in construction in construction a building or structure as waterproofed with the use of membranes and coatings to protect contents and structural integrity the waterproofing of the building envelope in construction specifications is listed under o7 thermal and moisture protection within masterformat 2004 by the construction specifications Institute and includes roofing and waterproofing materials in building construction waterproofing as a fundamental aspect of creating a building envelope which is a controlled environment the roof covering materials siding foundations and all of the various penetrations through these surfaces must be water resistant and sometimes waterproof roofing materials are generally designed to be water resistant and shed water from a sloping roof but in some conditions such as ice damming and unflattering the roofing must be waterproof many types of waterproof membrane systems are available including felt paper or tar paper with asphalt or tar to make a built-up roof other bituminous waterproofing ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM rubber hypalon polyvinyl chloride liquid roofing and more walls are not subjected to standing water and the water resistant membranes used as house wraps are designed to be porous enough to let moisture escape walls also have vapor barriers or air barriers damp proofing is another aspect of waterproofing masonry walls are built with a damp proof course to prevent rising damp and the concrete in foundations needs to be damp proof or water proofed with a liquid coating basement waterproofing membrane even under the concrete slab floor where polyethylene sheeting is commonly used or an additive to the concrete within the waterproofing industry below ground waterproofing is generally divided into two areas tanking this is waterproofing used where the below ground structure will be sitting in the water table continuously or periodically this causes hydrostatic pressure on both the membrane and structure and requires full encapsulation of the basement structure in a tanking membrane under slab and walls damp proofing this is waterproofing used where the water table is lower than the structure and there is good free draining fill the membrane deals with shedding of water and the ingress of water vapor only with no hydrostatic pressure generally this incorporates a damp proof membrane DPM to the walls with a polythene DPM under slab with higher grade DPM some protection from short term hydrostatic pressure can be gained by transitioning the higher quality wall DPM to the slab polythene under footing rather than at the footing face in buildings using earth sheltering a potential problem as too much humidity so waterproofing is critical water seepage can lead to mold growth causing significant damage and air quality issues properly waterproofing foundation walls is required to prevent deterioration and seepage another specialized area of waterproofing is rooftop decks and balconies waterproofing systems have become quite sophisticated and are a very specialized area failed waterproof decks polymer or tile are one of the leading causes of water damage to building structures and of personal injury when they fail where major problems occur in the construction industry as when improper products are used for the wrong application while the term waterproof is used for many products each of them has a very specific area of application and when manufacturer specifications and installation procedures are not followed the consequences can be severe another factor is the impact of expansion and contraction on waterproofing systems for Dex Dex constantly move with changes in temperatures putting stress on the waterproofing systems one of the leading causes of waterproof deck system failures as the movement of underlying substrates plywood that caused too much stress on the membranes resulting in a failure of the system while beyond the scope of this reference document waterproofing of decks and balconies as a complex of many complementary elements these include the waterproofing membrane used adequate sloped drainage proper flashing details and proper construction materials the penetrations through a building envelope must be built in a way such that water does not enter the building such as using flashing and special fittings for pipes vents wires etc some caulking czar durable but many are unreliable for waterproofing also many types of geo membranes are available to control water gases or pollution from the late 1990s to the 2010s the construction industry has had technological advances in waterproofing materials including integral waterproofing systems and more advanced membrane materials integral systems such as high creat work within the matrix of a concrete structure giving the concrete itself a waterproof quality there are two main types of integral waterproofing systems the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic systems a hydrophilic system typically uses a crystallization technology that replaces the water in the concrete with insoluble crystals various brands available in the market claims similar properties but not all can react with a wide range of cement hydration byproducts and thus require caution hydrophobic systems use fatty acids to block pores within the concrete preventing water passage sometimes the same materials used to keep water out of buildings are used to keep water in such as pool or pond liners new membrane materials seek to overcome shortcomings in older methods like polyvinyl chloride PVC and high-density polyethylene HDPE generally new technology and waterproof membranes relies on polymer based materials that are very adhesive to create a seamless barrier around the outside of a structure waterproofing should not be confused with roofing since roofing cannot necessarily withstand hydrostatic head while waterproofing can the standards for waterproofing bathrooms in domestic construction have improved over the years due in large part to the general tightening of building codes topic in clothing you some garments and tents are designed to give greater or lesser protection against rain for urban use raincoats and jackets are used for outdoor activities in rough weather there is a range of hiking apparel typical descriptions are shower proof water resistant and waterproof these terms are not precisely defined a shower proof garment will usually be treated with a water resistant coating but is not rated to resist a specific hydrostatic head this is suitable for protection against light rain but after a short time water will penetrate a water-resistant garment is similar perhaps slightly more resistant to water but also not rated to resist a specific hydrostatic head a garment described as waterproof will have a water repellent coating with the seams also taped to prevent water ingress there better waterproof garments have the membrane lining designed to keep water out but allowed trapped moisture to escape breathability a totally waterproof garment would retain body sweat and become clammy waterproof garments specified there hydrostatic rating ranging from 1,500 for light rain to 20,000 for heavy rain waterproof garments are intended for use in weather conditions which are often windy as well as wet and are usually also wind resistant topic in other objects you water proofing methods have been implemented in many types of objects including paper packaging cosmetics and more recently consumer electronics electronic devices used in military and severe commercial environments are routinely conformally coded in accordance with IPC CC 832 resists moisture and corrosion but encapsulation as needed to become truly waterproof even though it is possible to find waterproof wrapping or other types of protective cases for electronic devices a new technology enabled the release of diverse waterproof smartphones and tablets in 2013 this method is based on the special nanotechnology coating a thousand times thinner than a human hair which protects electronic equipment from damage due to the penetration of water several manufacturers use the nano coating method on their smartphones tablets and digital cameras a 2013 study found that nano textured surfaces using cone forms produce highly water repellent surfaces these nano cone textures are super hydrophobic extremely water-hating topic standards you ASTM see 1127 standard guide for use of high solids content cold liquid applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane with an integral wearing surface ASTM D 779 standard test method for determining the water vapor resistance of sheet materials in contact with liquid water by the DRI indicator method ASTM D 209 9 standard test method for dynamic water resistance of Shu upper leather by the maser water penetration tester ASTM D seven two eight one standard test method for determining water migration resistance through roof membranes ASTM D three three nine three standard specification for coated fabrics waterproofness D six one three five standard practice for application of self adhering modified bituminous waterproofing IEC 60906-1 hundred to two two thousand nine protection of below ground structures against water from the ground topic see also bituminous waterproofing durable water repellant DWR coatings building insulation IP code turbo seal rubber sealant Sica AG soundproofing trust con Laboratories water-resistant mark waterproof digital camera waterproof fabric waterproof paper

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